Working submarine cables.



J. GOTT.

WORKING SUBMARINE GABLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.18. 1912.

1,056,533. 0 Patented Mar.18,1913.

UNITED STATES PATENT canton.

JOHN GOTT, OF HOVE, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO COMMERCIAL CABLECOMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

WORKING SUBMARINE CABLES.

Specification of Letters Patent,

Patented Mar. 18,1913.

Application filed March 1%, 1912. Serial Ho. 684,572.

vented certain new and useful Improvements in Working Submarine Cablesof simple manner so that the alphabet comes which the following is aspecification.

In the drawings, Figurel is'a diagrammatic view showing the inventionapplied to a duplex cable system, and in which the discharge from thecable to earth reverses the polarity of the curre'nt'to the main line;

Fig.2 a similar view in which the reversals are secured by inducedcurrents in the secondary winding of a transformer; Fig. 3 a detail viewof a simple relaying means; and Fig.-'4 a detail diagrammatic view ofthe receiving apparatus. n

This invention relates to a system intended to apply the internationalMorse code to thetransmission of messages over long submarine cables, inplace of the code now used whereby uniformity of working withland linesand otherconnections is established. I

The inyention primarily involves a method of" transmission of the 'Morsecode which enables it tofl'be applied in themost economical manner'asregards time; It is well known thatreversed currents sent rapidlythrough long submarine cable are thermostefiective in definition asreceived at the distant'end of the cable-each following current havingthe effect of neutralizing the preceding one. In'this inventioneveryunit of each letter is formed by a reversed current so that in no caseduring transmission doesa current of the same polarity follow.

At the receiving'end of the cable these,re-' versed units of letters aretransformed in a out in Morse characters as if received through a shortland line and aretherefore easy to read and'transcribe.

- To obtain the reversal of polarity for each unit of a letter withabsolute uniformity and certainty I make use of the discharge of currentfrom the cable itself, which, having considerable energy, is able to actupon a polarized relay and cause the desired chan'ge'of directionfo-rthefollo-wing signal. The direction of the discharge, as is Well known,is a factor of the polarity therewith, so that the reversals produced bythis action on the polarized relay follow-in sequence with infallibleregularity. Another method of effecting the reversal of the polarizedrelay when, from any cause. the first method is not preferred, will alscbe described. It consists of a transformer provided-with primary andsecondary coilsthe primary being placed in the earth circuit of thesplit, or double battery. Currents are induced'in the secondary which isconnectedto and actuates the polarized relay. The induced currents inthe secondary coil are reversed accordingto the polarity of the lastcurrent sent into the cable and these reversals take place'in regularsequence assuring that no two successive currents are sent of the samepolarity. One advantage of this last method is that on making contactwith the key to charge the cable the battery contact in the relay isreinforced at the "moment the key is depressed thus assuring perfecttransmission. This is brought about by the action of the secondary coil.The sending of messages through the cable is effected by the working ofa single Morse key of the usual type so that the operators mode ofmanipulation is exactly the same as if he were sending into any ordinaryline.

Where it is desired to' send messages au tomatically the message isprepared on a perforated slip and the lVheatstone transmitter takestheplace of the key, the reversing polarized relay being connected incircuit as for hand. keying with the ordinary and well-known Wheatstonetransmitter. The two upper contacts of the vibrating contact arm areused to take the place of the key. So also where the system is ap pliedfor translationfrom a land line or short connecting cable, the usualreceiving relay is connected to the reversing polarized relay in themanner described for the hand key and the received Morse signals aretranslated into the cable in the formof my reversed current alphabet oralternating current alphabet. Also the relay referred to may work asounder relay in a local aircuit which, being connected in place of thesingle Morse key translates the signals from the short connecting linesor cables into v the main cable. of the charge. and changes inaccordance Having'described the method of transmis- I sion it remains topoint out how the Morse code' which is sent through the cable in theform of reversals for each unit of a letter, is retransformed into thecommon Morse code. In all systems of relay repeaters on long cableshitherto used, the contact arm when at rest occupies a neutral position(known as no mans land) between two contact plates which are connectedto the local battery intended to actuate local instruments for repeatingthe signals either into another cable or to record the received signalsIf we connect the two contact plates together it follows that themovable contact-making tongue will record signals made on either side,and these signals will appear on the local apparatus as if madecontinuously on one contact. For example, two reversalswill appear asfour dots, (the letter h in Morse) and we shall have all the reversedsignals received through the cable transformed into the well known Morsecharacters. These may be read by sound or print: ed on a Morse slipandsimilarly they may be repeated automatically to another distant stationin the Morse characters. It follows from these observations that thecable re lay, with its contact tongue and neutral center, willfaithfully transmit the reversed Morse code into another cable in theform received, and that the final transformation takes place at theterminal station of the main cables where the message either transscribed for delivery, 'or repeated inland.

In order that this invention may be clearly understood and properlycarried into effect it will now be described with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

The invention consists mainly of a new disposition of parts to permit ofthe use of a code of signals consisting of reversed or alternatingcurrents for the successive units of a letter.

In the diagram Fig. 1, a designates a cable; Z) the artificial cablesused for duplex working; 0, cthe sending condensers; c

the wire connecting the key (Z to the apex of the bridge arms; f thefront contact of the key; and g the back contact thereof. The frontcontact 7 is connected to the tongue or vibrating arm h" of a polarizedrelay h by wire j; and the back contact is connected to the coils of therelay h by wire 2'. WVhen the key is depressed the battery is connectedto the cable, and when the key is open and in engagement with the backcontact the cable discharges through the relay coils and to earth at it.To the two stops it h of the relay h are connected the opposite poles ofa split battery Z Z, the center part of said battery being grounded atM. The tongue or vibrating arm it of the polarized relay is adapted, asis'usual, to make contact with either of the stops h h.

When the key (Z is depressed the battery Z tongue of the relay to bethrown to either contact h it according to the polarity of thedischarge. As this polarity is always opposite to the polarity of thepreceding discharge it is manifest that the tongue or arm it will bethrown from one contact h to the other at the end of each key operationso that the battery to the line will be reversed each time the key isopened and the cable discharged. The result of this is that the currentimpulse sent to the line at each key operation will be opposite inpolarity to the previously sent current impulse. It is,

therefore, manifest that in operating the key for sending Morse codesignals each signal unit impulse will be opposite in polarity to thepreceding signal unit impulse and no two succeeding signal unit impulseswill be of the same polarity.

Owing to the considerable energy of the discharge from the cable andcondensers (not heretofore utilized) the resistance of the coils of thepolarized relay may be negligible and still afford ample opportunity forthe discharge to be effective for good signaling.

Referring to the construction dia rammatically illustrated in Fig. 2,the back contact g of .the sending key d is connected to earth and thedischarge from the cable and condensers is directed to earth throughsaid contact when the key is open. The reversal of the polarized relay kis brought about by the split battery making earth at E through theprimary coil P of a transformer, the secondary coil S being connected tothe relay coils. The opposite poles of the two portions of the splitbattery are connected to the contacts it it of the polarized relay inthe same manner as shown in Fig. 1, and the front contact of the key iselectrically connected to the movable tongue or vibrating arm h of thepolarized relay. It is manifest that when the key is depressed a currentwill be induced in the secondary coil of the transformer which currentwill firmly hold the tongue of the polarized relay against one of itsstops. It is also manifest that when the key is opened a reversal ofcurrent in the secondary .eoil will take place and the vibrating tongueor arm will then be thrown against the other stop of the polarized relaythereby reversing the polarity of the current to the front stop 7, andonsequently to the line, when the key is again depressed or closed. Itis also manifest that the same cycle of operations follows eachdepression and raising of the sending key.

Fig. 3 simply illustrates how the tongue T of a relay connected to aland line or short cable takes the place of the key either in rockingcontact bar of a Wheatstone transmitter is connected in place of the keyto 1 nating series,

send automatically into the cable, the upper twod contacts of thetransmitter only being use Fig. 4 represents the apparatus used at thereceiving or terminal end of the cable. The two metal. plates 1) and oare separated by an insulator "y. The contact making tongue V isactuated by an attachment to the signal coil of a recorder which coil isin circuit with the cable. Arriving signals move this tongue from zeroto c or '11 according to the polarity of the arriving current. For thepurpose of this invention the two metal plates are connected togetherbythe wires at W and are ,in circuit with the local battery 0.", etc. Theinstrument at Z may be a Morse recording instrument, a sounder or relayor other instrument. It will be clearly seen that rapid reversals willbe indicated by the sounder, for example, as dots or dashes, as if madeon one contact only, as in ordinary Morse working.

As hereinbefore stated the transmitting key is manipulated as intransmitting ordinary Morse characters, that is to say, to transmit adash impulse or signal the key is held down o-r closed longer than whentransmitting a dot impulse or signal. It is, therefore, manifest that Ithrow upon the line or cable impulses of successively opposite polarityand i of varying time relationship and distinguish such impulses'assignals or units of signals by their time relationship and irrespectiveof-their polarity; and that .I provide a receiving apparatus constructedto respond to impulses on the line irrespective of their, polarity. Italso will be noted that the line current will be reversed for eachsuccessive signal whether the signals congist of a number of Morse dotsin succession or a number of Morse dashes in succession, or acombination of dots and dashes as occur in the various Morse codes oftelegraphic signals.

The subject-matter of invention shown and described herein but notclaimed, forms the subject-matter of a divisional applica-' tion.

i What I claim is: v

1. Themethod of electric signaling consisting in transmitting impulsesof current of opposite polarity in a constantly altereach impulseconstituting a single unit of the signal and discharging the linebetween each impulse, whereby no two following signal units will betransmitted bv impulses of current of the same polarity.

2. The method of working cables consisting in transmitting a constantlyalternating series of impulses of current of opposite polarity, eachimpulse of current forming a single unit of a signal, whereby eachsucceeding signal unit will be formed by a current impulse of changedpolarity and no two successive signal units will be formed by impulsesof current of the same polarity, discharging the cable aftereach signalimpulse and securing the reversals in polarity of the current to theline through the discharge of the cable.

3. The system of transmitting electric signals comprising a means fortransmitting electric impulses over a line, means fordischarging theline after the transmission of each signal impulse and means controlledby the transmitting means -to reverse the polarity of the line currentat each operation of the transmitting means, whereby each succeedingimpulse will be of opposite polarity and each signal unit will be formedby a current impulse of opposite polarity. 4. A system of electricsignaling comprising means for transmitting single signal unit impulsesof current, means for discharging the line after the transmission ofeach signal impulse and means controlled by said-transmitting means forreversing the polarity of each alternate signal unit impulse.

5. A system of electric signaling comprising means for transmittingsingle signal unit impulses of current, and means automaticallycontrolled by said transmitting means for reversing the polarity of,each alternate signal unit impulse.

6. A system of electric signaling comprising a line, a sending key, andmeans controlled by said key to automatically change the polarity of theline current after each operation of the key.

'7. A system of electric signaling comprising a line, a sending key, andmeans controlled by the opening of said key to automatically change thepolarity for the next succeeding operation of the key.

8. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a sending-key, apolarized relay, and means whereby the discharges from the cable willoperate the polarized relay to change the polarity of the current totheline.

9. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a sending key, apolarized relay, and means whereby the discharge from the cable when thesending key is opened will operate the polarized relay to change thepolarity of the current to the line.

10. Asystem of electric signaling comprising means for transmittingsingle signal impulses of current, means controlled bysaid transmittingmeans for reversing the polarity of each alternate-signalwimpulsef.

of opposite polarity and reproducing them in impulses of like polarityin a local circuit.

11. The method of electric signaling consisting in transmitting impulsesof current of opposite polarity in a constantly alternating series, eachimpulse constituting a signal unit, whereby no two following signalunits will be transmitted by impulses of current of the same polarity,means for discharging the line after the transmission of each signalimpulse and receiving said signal impulses of opposite polarity andreproducing them in a local circuit as current impulses of likepolarity.

12. A system of electric signaling comprising means for transmittingover a line single signal impulses of current, means for discharging theline after the transmission of each signal impulse, means controlled bysaid transmitting means for reversing the polarity of each altematesignal impulse and means at the receiving 'or terminal end of the linefor receiving said signal impulses of opposite polarity and reproducingthem in a local circuit.

13. The art of telegraphing on a submarine line which consists inthrowing upon the line impulses of successively opposite polarity and of'arying time relationship and distinguishing such impulses as signals orunits of signals by their time relationship and irrespective of theirpolarity and discharging the line after each impulse, substantially asand for the purposes set forth.

14.. The art of telegraphing on a submarine line which consists inthrowing upon the line impulses of successively opposite polarity and ofvarying time relationship discharging the line after each impulse, andreceiving such impulses upon an apparatus which responds to themirrespective of their polarity, substantially as described.

15. The combination with a submarine line and its condenser, of a keyand a circuit r everser-constructed to reverse the circuit for eachclosure of the key, substantially as described.

16. The combination with a submarine line and its condenser, of a keyand a circuit reverser constructed to reverse the circuit for eachclosure of the key, and a receiving apparatus constructed to respond toimpulses on the line irrespective of their polarity, substantially asdescribed.

17. In the art of submarine telegraphy characterized by successivesignal impulses on the line of opposite polarity and varying timerelationship, discharging the line after each impulse, receiving suchimpulses upon an apparatus which responds to them irrespective of theirpolarity, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

18. In a system of submarine telegraphy characterized by successiveimpulses on the line of opposite polarity and varying time relationship.the combination with the line at its terminal or receiving end of anappm rat-us constructed to respond to the impulses on thelineirrespective of their polarity and discharging the line after thetransmissionof each signal impulse, substantially as described.

19. A system of cable Working comprising a cable, a sending apparatusfor transmitting signal impulses, a polarized relay, means fordischarging the cable after the transmission of each signal impulsethrough the said relay to change the polarity of the cur rent to theline for the next succeeding signal impulse.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aitix my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses.

JOHN GOTT.

Witnesses IVILLIAM Mommy KENT, JOSEPH DELDERFIELI).

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner 01' Patents, Washington, D. C.

